Russian engineers biography

Large turning of A. Nartovo. Street lighting lanterns with a candle P. Yablochkov on the Thames embankment in London. The reception station of the A. Popov system was first used in the summer of the year on the Kronstadt raid between the coast and the fish "fish".

The construction of a whole bridge across the Dnieper in Kyiv structures of E. is being built the Ostankino TV tower. A picture of the photographic correspondent "Science and Life" by V. Veselovsky, September of the year. Among them were people of unusually versatile talent and those who, having made only one discovery, raised humanity to a new level of civilization.

Among the world known to the whole world, outstanding Russian inventors are brilliant self -taught and outstanding highly educated engineers. The talented mechanic and inventor Andrei Konstantinovich Nartov was a contemporary and ally M. from the mechanized caliper node he created, the transition of a machine equipment to machine equipment to a machine tool fixed and guide the cutter.

Among the inventions of Nartov are all kinds of machines and lifting mechanisms, one of them was used to rise the tsar -fallen on the bell tower of Ivan the Great in the Moscow Kremlin, a new effective way to cast guns, a rate of fire battery of 44 three -pound mortar, an optical sight and much more. Half a century later, the outstanding mechanic - Ivan Petrovich Kulibin invented many mechanisms: a mirror -spectator with a parabolic reflector of the smallest mirrors, a semaphore telegraph, hinge prostheses, which he called "mechanical legs", a river ship with a "tender -giving" engine.

Kulibin designed a one -brown bridge over the Neva by a span of meters with wooden lattice farms and built his large -sized model. The Hermitage in St. Petersburg stores the unique pocket watch of Kulibin. In their metal egg -shaped case, in addition to the clock mechanism, there is a battle mechanism and a musical machine with mobile figures, reproducing several melodies. Inventors Father and son of Cherepanova - Efim Alekseevich and Miron Efimovich built more than 20 steam machines of various capacities, several unique machines of turning, drilling, cloves, screw -cutting, strict.

But the most remarkable invention of the Cherepanovs is the first steam locomotives in Russia and the railway. The wonderful Russian electrical engineer Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin invented the coal lamp of incandescent, with which electric lighting began. The scientist placed two coal rods in a glass cylinder, one of which was heated and burned with oxygen, and the other was smooth in an inert medium for an hour and a half.

Later, the inventor improved his lamp, pumping air out of it and supplying with an oil blockage. Another Russian electrical engineer Pavel Nikolaevich Yablochkov went down in history as the author of the "Russian Light". The source of light in the candle invented by him, called the Yablochkov candle, served as an electric voltage arc between coal rods. Yablochkov came up with a cunning device to bring the rods closer, put them vertically and for the first time led to the device not constant, but alternating current, which has since been used everywhere.

Such lighting was first delivered on one of the streets of St. Petersburg and on the Thames embankment in London. A graduate of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University, physicist and electrical engineer Alexander Stepanovich Popov, became the inventor of radio communications. He built the world's first radio, which he called the device for detecting and registering electrical vibrations.

In the year, A. Popov demonstrated his devices - a radio receiver, a thunderstorm, a receiver of telegraphic messages to the headphone and others - at a meeting of the Russian Physical and Chemical Society. This show was laid by the development of the radio. Among the outstanding Russian scientists and engineers are Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky and Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky the first of them was the creator of aerodynamics as a science.

His works became a source of ideas, on which all scientific and technical discoveries in aviation are based. Tsiolkovsky made the greatest discoveries in the theory of missile movement, laid the foundations for creating a liquid missile engine, and solved the task of planting a spacecraft on the surface of the planets, devoid of the atmosphere. Boris Lvovich Rosing left a bright mark in the development of television.

In the year, he patented a way of transmitting images using an electron-ray tube through an external photo effect, open A. so that the same image as in the transmitting device was visible on the screen, a talented physicist and the inventor built an electromagnetic deploying device. The number of rows of scan was then only 12 in modern television receivers of them and more. In the year, Rosing carried out the world's first television program on this system.

The unique personalities of the extraordinary versatile talent include an outstanding engineer and inventor Vladimir Grigoryevich Shukhov, a graduate of the Imperial Moscow Technical School of the Moscow State Technical University named afterBauman Shukhov made hundreds of inventions. For more than 60 years given to the engineering business, he managed to carry out from above his own projects.

Among them are a new method of oil processing of a cracking process and tanks for storing oil products. To this day, these inventions are used in almost all countries of the world, and oil pipelines are counted everywhere according to Shukhov formulas. All his life, Shukhov built structures using metal structures. Under his leadership, more bridges, mesh and arched floors were designed and built, including over the platform of the Kievsky station in Moscow, and the famous hyperboloid television tower on Shabolovka 3 meters high.

The outstanding engineer and scientist Evgeny Oskarovich Paton laid the foundation for the Soviet School of Mostustrium. One of its main projects is a whole bridge over the Dnieper in Kyiv long meters. It is assembled without a single rivet, using only electric welding connections. In the same place, in Kyiv, Paton organized the world's first electric welding institution, in which new methods of design, calculations and construction of welding structures were developed under his leadership.

According to the method of E. Paton - welding under a layer of flux - thousands of kilometers of gas pipelines are welded. One of the founders of domestic aircraft designer Aviation Designer Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev was the closest comrade-in-arms N. He first began to build all-metal aircraft, among which were bombing, bombers and the first passenger 9-seater ANT aircraft in Tupolev machines, famous flights across the North Pole to America were made.

In the design bureau of A. Tupolev, the world's first turbojet passenger aircraft TA and Suptable TU were created, and on the one and that produced in large series, probably, each of us flew. Under the leadership of Tupolev, more types of aircraft were developed, of which 70 were produced in series. Aircraft with the Ant and TU brand beat about 80 world records.

The galaxy of outstanding engineers also belongs to a specialist in the field of building structures Nikolai Vasilievich Nikitin, he participated in the creation of Moscow State University on the Lenin Mountains, the Palace of Science and Culture in Warsaw, the Memorial V. Lenin in Ulyanovsk now Simbirsk. The main creation of N. Nikitin is the highest free building in Europe - the Ostankino radio television tower built in Moscow in the year.

The uniqueness of the design of the television tower meters high is that it is not on a powerful multi -meter foundation, but on a reinforced concrete puck with a diameter of about 70 meters, 8 meters wide, resting on a solid loam -gale morna layer at a depth of only 3.5 meters. In the tubular trunk of the tower around the perimeter, steel ropes with a diameter of 38 millimeters with a breakdown force of tons are installed and stretched.

Squeezing force below - tons, above - tons. The Ostankino TV tower is an example of unprecedented for such a height of strength, stability and balance. Literature Bolkhovitinov V. Stories about the Russian championship under the general ed. Orlova V. Gorokhov P. Rosing - founder of electronic television. The science and technique of the USSR. Shatelane M. Russian electrical engineering.

Shukhardin S. The basis of the history of technology. Encyclopedic dictionary of young technology. Read at any time.