Aristotles life is biography

To view this lecture, you need to log in on the site to view this lecture, you need to log in on the site 4 1. Why did it happen? In antiquity, there were a lot of competing philosophical schools, philosophers. None of them the nickname the philosopher in the final form simply could not gain a foothold. In the Middle Ages, another situation has developed: the opinions of numerous ancient philosophers were subordinated for different historical reasons to the authority of one single - Aristotle.

There are no exceptions, but in Latin rites, grammars and poets - always Virgil. As for the nickname Stagirite. This is a small city on the territory of the Chalkdiki Peninsula. Aristotle was born here. The history of this city is not connected with any other name either in antiquity or in our days. Born in the 1st year of the Olympiad, at the Archont of Ditref.

The family and small homeland are known to the names of Aristotle's parents, the father was called by Nicom, the mother was called a festival. Nicomom was a native of the island of Andros. It was the immigrants from this island, a small island from the group of Cycosa Islands, that the city of Stagiros was founded. Mother was born on the island of Evbey, in the city of Chalkida - this is the largest island from the Archipelago of the Northern Sporades.

Between Andros and Evebei a distance of about 9 km. Residents of Andros Island, as well as the inhabitants of the island of Evbey, are native speakers of the Ionian dialect of the Greek language. Aristotle in the fact of birth was Ionian. Ionian is one of the most common ancient Greek dialects. By relics, we know about 30 dialects. The main ones are: Ionian, Attic, Doric and Eolian.

I want to remind you that the inhabitants of the city of Athena - the glory of Aristotle as a philosopher is connected with this city - were carriers of the Attic dialect. So, parents are Nicomom and festival. Nicomom was a doctor from a very noble surname, that is, along the paternal line by the remote ancestors of Aristotle were the god Asclepius and his son Mahaon.

We meet the name of Mahaon, for example, in the text of the Iliad of Homer, the beloved poet Aristotle. Nicomom was not just a doctor, he was a doctor at the court of the Macedonian kings, he was a life-peel of the Macedonian king Aminta III, the father of Philip II. It is difficult to talk about close friendship between them, but they were peers and were in close acquaintance among themselves.

In the texts of Aristotle, examples from medical practice, the figure of a doctor is quite common, although, of course, Aristotle himself did not practice, but he was familiar with medical science. Aristotle's father, Nicomom, died quite early, and the guardianship of the young Aristotle was taken by his uncle along the mother’s line of Proksen. He was a rich, wealthy person, and, in general, gave Aristotle everything necessary for life and education.

It was Proksen that contributed to the fact that Aristotle went to Athens. By that time, it was still the capital of the Hellenic world, although of course the Athenian Maritime Union did not exist, but Athena remained the cultural capital. The first Athenian period is quite fast, we do not know exactly what circumstances, it is at the Platonov Academy. By this time, Plato is absent.

This is his second trip to Sicily, to Syracuse. At that time, an outstanding philosopher, geographer, mathematician Evdox Knidsky stood at that time. The first meeting of Aristotle with Plato, his teacher, happened about three years after Aristotle first arrives in Athens. His years of training begin. I repeat that Aristotle comes to Athens not just a young provincial, a bearer of an alien dialect.

It quickly adapts to the Athenian cultural environment. In his texts, we do not observe speech disorders. He comes not just a young man, he comes with an educated young man. According to one of the outstanding specialists against Aristotle, the outstanding Swedish scientist Ingmar During: "Aristotle to Athens comes already to Aristotle." At a rather young age, Aristotle is surrounded by his own students, that is, glory to Aristotle as a philosopher comes to Athens during the life of his teacher Plato.

A significant number of preserved records of his lectures dates back to this time, to the time of the so-called 1st Athenian period of its existence. I remind you that after the Cheronean battle in August and the defeat of Athens in this battle, relations between Macedonia and the Hellenic world are heating up.

In the year, Plato, the teacher of Aristotle, dies, but a little earlier, a radical democratic party led by Demosthenes comes to Athens. Relations between Macedonia and Athens are further aggravated, and in all likelihood, according to many scientists, without waiting for the death of the teacher, Aristotle is forced to leave Athens. All his life he was suspected of some secret relations with the Macedonian tsarist court.

It should be said that the grounds to suspect him of this, in general, existed: due to the political confusion, due to the sharply changing political circumstances, Aristotle was in Athens, he was forced to leave them.The wanderings and the second Athenian period begin the years of its wanderings. He finds himself in Asia Minor, visiting his friend Hermermia of Atarney, with the name of which the fate of Aristotle is closely connected.

After some time, he arrives at the island of Lesbos, to the city of Mitilena, where he meets his most famous student Theophrastus-a student and a companion for scientific searches. After some time, King Philip II invites him to the Macedonian court in order to ask Aristotle to be the teacher of the young prince, the future Alexander III, or simply Alexander the Great. For several years, Aristotle has been teaching the young heir to the Macedonian throne to various sciences, hardly metaphysics.

It is difficult to say what exactly Aristotle taught Alexander, most likely the elements of grammar. We know that, apparently, Aristotle instilled in Alexander the love of Homer. We know that Alexander subsequently in life and in his disposition likened himself to Achilles - this is his favorite character. Classes took place in the town of Misa. Plutarch Heronesky, an outstanding Greek writer, who lived at the turn of the I - II centuries n.

Philip II is killed, as we know, at the wedding of his own daughter, and young Alexander III of the Macedonian, like our domestic Alexander I, is forced to stop child and go reign. Without any doubt, classes with Aristotle stop at this time. Aristotle is again in Athens - his so -called second Athenian period of life begins. It was suggested that he is in Athens for a reason, but at the invitation of the then secret ruler of Athens Lycurgus.

Lycurgus pursued an important and complex cultural policy: he contributed to the restoration of the buildings that came into decay, invited different celebrities to Athens. Among such celebrities, Aristotle turned out to be, apparently, not by chance. Lukeion, this place is connected with the gymnasium, which was in the east of Athens: there was gymnasium, there was the sacred grove of the god Apollo Likeian.

It is believed that the cult of the god Apollo is not the Greek of the initially deity, this is a deity borrowed from the East, from Asia Minor, and it is assumed that the birth of the cult of the god Apollo was the so -called Zeleei Likia. Apparently, the place of birth of this cult was transformed into one of its epithets, that is, Apollo Likey Lycian - hence the name of the area, both a sacred grove, gymnasium, and a school of Aristotle, which settled here.

It is clear that he did not live here, he lived in the city, but came to give lectures. There is no reliable explanation of the origin of this name. An opinion was expressed in antiquity - it is not an opinion that can be trusted in full - that Aristotle with the students walked, and, walking, philosophized. Aristotle’s school is a liquid, or Lukeiaon, or peripatos peripathetic school - these are the names that have been assigned to Aristotle's school in antiquity.

I remind you that Aristotle was not a native of Athena, he lived as a bloodstream from others. In this regard, the school owner, he was not the “director” of the school, he was an invited, coming and leaving teacher. The first “director”, or Scholarch of the peripathetic school was his student Theofrast. After the death of Aristotle, by the time of the heyday of Theophrastus, the legislation in Athens has changed quite much thanks to Demetrius Falera, the closest comrade Theophrastus and the follower of Aristotle.

I remind you that Demetrius Falery, after his exile in the city and in relation to Aristotle in the year, which has long been suspected in connection with the Macedonian court, in friendship with the king, first by Philip, then Alexander, there is a suspicion and the accusation has been preparing that has become something traditional-philosophers, starting from the 5th century BC.

The accusation of philosophers in some disrespectful attitude towards traditional gods, primarily in Athens, by the time of Aristotle was something ordinary. According to some cultural inertia against Aristotle, an accusation was prepared. What was it accused of? I have already said that one of Aristotle's closest friends was Hermius Atarney, who, due to the end of unknown circumstances, was captured by the Persians and executed atarnei in Asia Minor, that is, it was an Hellenic territory bordering the Persian empire.

In memory of his friend, Aristotle wrote two poems, they were preserved. Paan is such a kind of sacred anthem, the addressee of which, as a rule, was the god Apollo, sometimes Zeus. With regard to mortal people, the composition of such texts was considered something outrageous, unacceptable, reprehensible, etc. It is in this genre of Pan in honor of his dead friend Aristotle composes a poetic text.

This was perceived as a manifestation of godlessness, ordinary for the philosopher, as believed, unforgivable from the point of view of common opinion. Aristotle, fearing the fate of Socrates, Anaxagoras, etc. Where does he go?He goes to Evbey, to the city of Chalkida, to the house of his mother. It dies of some kind of gastric disease, which he suffered almost his whole life. Attica is dying - Evbey and the coast of Attica, the capital of which was the city of Athens, shares the Evric Strait of 38 kilometers.

As we know, Aristotle often found himself on the shore and his gaze often headed towards his favorite Athens. We know some judgments and statements of Aristotle, which were already considered something rare and memorable in antiquity aphorisms of Aristotle. For example, he spoke of the teaching: “Its roots are bitter, but the fruits are sweet,” this famous judgment is associated with the name of Aristotle, although, in fact, it is nothing more than a retelling of Plato's famous judgment.

When asked what is fast, Aristotle answered: "Gratitude." When asked what hope is, he answered: "Sleep in reality." Education, he said, needs three things: talent, science, exercise.