Lomonosov astronomy biography

Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov. The path to science is Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov. The path to the science of November 19 is the birthday of M. Lomonosov - a person who is rightfully called the founder of science and the higher school of Russia, one of the creators of the modern Russian language and poetry. The thirst for science was the strongest passion of this soul, fulfilled by passions.

Historian, Rhetist, Mechanic, Chemist, Minerallog, Artist and Poemarian, he has experienced everything and everything penetrates: the first delves into the history of the Fatherland, approves the rules of his public language, gives laws and samples of classical eloquence, predicts Franklin’s discovery, establish a factory, builds artistic mosaic works, and finally opens the true to us true Sources of our poetic language, ”wrote Alexander Pushkin.

Lomonosov’s life path, his role in the development of science and culture, is investigated in hundreds of books and thousands of articles, many of which are on the Internet. Therefore, it would be superfluous on the pages of the newspaper to tell that, if desired, everyone can easily find himself easily. But you can’t go around what those who glorify geniuses often forget about, but students and teachers should remember: all the achievements of Lomonosov have the basis of the knowledge and skills that he learned during his studies.

The fact that, where and how was studied by Mikhail Lomonosov is our story. Lomonosov was born on November 19. From the summer of the age, Mikhail, along with his father, made many months of exit to the sea hundreds of kilometers from the house. The impressions of these travels, of course, contributed to the development of the guy. An important key to all the achievements of Lomonosov, as a scientist and enlightener, has acquired a habit of daily hard work since childhood.

In adulthood, he will write: "A lazy person in dishonest rest is similar to motionless swamp water, which, in addition to stench and despicable reptiles, does nothing." Lomonosov will become a famous sculptor and in G. Mikhail studied very successfully - two years later he began to read at the Church "Psalter" and "Life of the Saints" and was considered the best reader in the village.

In the city after the death of H. Dudin in the summer of G., striving for knowledge, Lomonosov in December of the city In early January, the Academy had four lower classes of “Farah”, “Infim”, “Grammar”, “Syntaxim”, two average “Piits” and “Rhetoric” and two higher “philosophy” and “theology”. Four or six months were allotted for each of the first grades, the classes of Syntaxim and Piitics lasted a year, the rates of Rhetoric and Philosophy were studied for two years, “theology” - four years.

From class to class, students passed after passing the relevant exams. Education at the Academy lasted a whole year. In the summer months, it was allowed to take "recreation" twice a month - days of rest. Classes "Farah", "Infima" and "Grammar" Lomonosov passed in a year. In the first, Latin studied, in the second - Latin and Slavic, in the third - Latin and Slavic grammar, geography, history, mathematics and catechism.

In January, Lomonosov moved to Syntaxim, where he studied Latin syntax, completed the study of arithmetic, geography, history, and short catechism. Six months later, he moved into "poetics", where they studied Latin and Russian poetry, the theory of poetry behind the "poetics" of Aristotle and the students written in Latin "with the key of poetics, also practiced poetry.

In his free time, Mikhail Lomonosov read ancient chronicles, spiritual and secular books in the library of the Zaikonospassky monastery. Since July, Mikhail studied in the class "Rhetoric", where they taught in Latin. The students studied the "rhetoric" of Aristotle, the works of Cicero, other ancient authors, did poetic exercises and wrote works in Latin and Slavic, and also participated in disputes and learned to make welcome speeches.

In the fall of G. Lomonosov, at his request, he was sent to the Kiev-Mogilyansk Academy, where he studied the ancient manuscripts, the "poetics" of Feofan Prokopovich, got acquainted with the artistic masterpieces of Sofia, the Mikhailovsky Chinese Cathedral, the Assumption Cathedral of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. This was very influenced by Lomonosov. For example, everyone created in G.

probably heard that during his studies, Lomonosov lived "three pennies per day." But material hardships were not as difficult as moral suffering. For many years he wrote: “Studying in Spassky schools, I had on all sides the preserretal aspirations averting from sciences, which in the then summer had almost insurmounted power. On the one hand, my father, never having children except me, said that I, being alone, left him, left all the contentment of the local state, which he then put bloody for me and which strangers will be plundered after his death.

On the other hand, unspeakable poverty: having one Altyn on the day of the salary, it was impossible to have for food for a day more as for the money of bread and for Kvass money, so on paper, on shoes and other needs. Thus, I lived for five years and did not leave sciences.On the one hand, they write that, knowing my father prosperity, good people there will be given their daughters for me, who were offered in my life there; On the other hand, schoolchildren, small guys, scream and indicate with fingers: look, what a blank at twenty years old Latin came to study!

In July, Mikhail Lomonosov moved to the first high class "Philosophy", where they studied the courses of logic, physics and metaphysics. Teaching was based on the works of Aristotle. Graduates of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy became priests, teachers, officials. It is not known how the fate of Mikhail Lomonosov would have developed if at the end of G. Created on the initiative of Peter I in the city, it was stipulated that academics should prepare professors from Russian subjects, for which the Academy opened a gymnasium and university.

But Peter’s successors on the throne were very little engaged in science, and even less - the academy. The first set from 12 students to the Academic University took place in Lomonosov together with the south of students in St. Petersburg, was enrolled as a student at the Academy of Sciences and began to study mathematics in the adjunct by V. Adodurov and physics from a professor of experimental physics of the city in late January, Lomonosov acquired the book of V.

Trediakovsky “A new and brief way to build up Russian poems” and its attentive poetry ”and its attentively The copy of this book with numerous editors and comments made by his hand is now stored in the archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Genkel of several capable young people. The proposal was approved and sent to study the summer “son of an adviser to the Berg-College” Gustav Ryeser, the summer “Popovich from Suzdal” by Dmitry Vinogradov and the summer “peasant son” Mikhail Lomonosov.

The director of the Berg-College determined what sciences they should study. Before leaving, future students received the relevant instruction, in which, in particular, the need to send written reports on their studies to the Academy every six months. In early November, on November six, they were counted to the Marburg University, and since January, Duyzing and the mechanics of Professor Christian Wolf, the famous German encyclopedist scientist.

In May, Lomonosov began to take French lessons, drawing, dancing and fencing. On the fourth of September, he wrote in German the first letter to the president of the Academy of Corfu, in which he expressed gratitude for permission to study science in foreign academies. Lomonosov, together with Vinogradov and Ryzer, compiled and sent a report on classes in St. Petersburg from June G.

It should be said that Russian students, having got on Wednesday, say, very relaxed German students, tried to not lag behind them, and quickly spent the money received for life a year on rubles and took place. Lomonosov also spent a lot of money on books. Wolf in a letter to the head of the office of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences I. Schumacher asked him to remind Russian students so that they would be more economical and do not make debts.

After that, Schumacher compiled a new “instruction to the Marburg students”, in which he ordered them to draw up their reports clearer, more clearly and more details, to report to the Academy about all the lectures, the material completed, and from time to time send trial dissertations; In the report on economic matters, list all expenses, send a list of purchased books; "Teachers of dance and fencing" "do not keep" and "do not spend money on clothes", "beware of making debts, and be content with those three hundred rubles that they are scheduled for a year." In August, Lomonosov acquired and studied books on the theory of versification, got acquainted with poetic works in Latin, German, French and Italian, and translated classical authors.

In October, he wrote the first scientific work "On the transformation of a solid into a liquid on January second. Wolf wrote to St. Petersburg that the lectures that he had to give to Russian students have already ended, that they are engaged in their own and writing their dissertations. He also wrote: "It would be better, of course, if they were more likely to be withdrawn from here, because they did not know how to use academic freedom and at the same time already managed to finish what they had to do here." In February, Lomonosov married the daughter of the apartment mistress Elizabeth-Christine Tsilch.

It seems that it was for her that he learned to dance and fenger. Lomonosov, Vinogradov and Ryzer went to Freiberg to Professor J. Genkel, where they studied mineralogy, metallurgy, visited mines and metallurgical plants. Before leaving, Lomonosov received a certificate of successes in the study of chemistry from Duisov, which said that "a very worthy and gifted young man Mikhail Lomonosov, a student of philosophy in his testimony, Kh.Wolf wrote: “A young man with excellent abilities Mikhail Lomonosov during his arrival in Marburg diligently attended my lectures of mathematics and philosophy, and mainly physicists and with particular love tried to acquire thorough knowledge.

I have no doubt at all that if he will continue his studies with the same zeal, then over time, upon returning to his homeland, he can benefit the state, which I sincerely wish. "Lomonosov sends to St. Petersburg to the Academy" ODO to take Khotin "and" Letter about the rules of Russian poetry ", from which new Russian poetry took the beginning of the events for Lomonosov.

Henkel and he tried to meet with the Russian envoy to return home, visited several cities, visited several mines, was deceived by the Prussian grenadiers, but ran to Petersburg in the year and on June 8, G. received the task of the Kunstski Mineral Cabinet August Lomonosov submits to the Academic Assembly "Discussion of Cathoptric-Dioptric incendiary Instrument" and "Physico-Chemical Considerations of the conformity of silver and mercury