The biography of the rock

The filtration and capacitive properties of rocks allow you to accommodate and pass through liquid and gases through itself. There are 3 groups of rocks: sedimentary, metamorphic, magmatic. The appearance of sedimentary rocks is determined by the transformation in conditions of heat treatment of the earth's crust of precipitation, which are products of destruction of ancient breeds, eruption of volcanoes, as well as the vital activity of organisms and plants.

Covering rocks covering rocks are relatively impenetrable layers of rocks that cover the upper part of the tanks and other geological formations. Covering rocks: are usually mentioned in the context of coating of oil and gas manifolds, can cover layers of softer or less stable rocks and salt domes. When a rock, which is more difficult to destroy resistant to atmospheric influences, lies on top of a more easily destroyed breed less resistant to atmospheric influences, the rock is called a covering rock on top.

The covering breed in this case can protect the lower layers from weathering and erosion. As an alternative, the covering breed can remain, while the thinner lower layers are subjected to atmospheric influences and are destroyed from under it. Thus, hills, dining rooms, ledges are formed, but the most distinctive feature that is thus formed is thin erosion stone pillars. The tanks of oil and gas fields covering the rocks form the upper part of the reservoirs and create a layer impermeable for fluid flow, preventing the leakage or leakage of liquids through it.

This is especially true for oil and natural gas fields.

Oil and gas deposits are often formed in traps, which are part of the tank. In all cases, the covering breed overlaps the breed-collector, isolation of the upper part of the trap, and often the side sides. Mother breeds are usually deeper than a covering breed, but not necessarily directly under it. The salt dome of the salt dome is large masses of underground salt with a small amount of anhydritis of anhydrous calcium sulfate, Caso4.

Salt usually has a lower density than the surrounding rock, and if possible breaks up. This leads to the fact that salt domes form traffic jams or bulges, as they try to go through weaknesses in the overlying layer of rocks. As the salt moves up and begins to dissolve, a stone hat forms on the top of the dome. Angidrite is an evaporite mineral water -soluble sedimentary mineral deposition, less soluble than salt.

Firmness of rocks hardness - characteristics of the strength of rocks. The speed of drilling wells for oil and gas to a large extent depends on the hardness of the rocks. Often, the hardness of the rocks is determined on the scale of Moos, according to which the reference 10 minerals are chosen as the standards of hardness. It is based on the ability of a harder mineral to scratch the softer.

The method is not accurate and shows only the range of hardness. The method is relevant in the field when gross identification of minerals is needed. There is a Knup scale, which also ensures a comparison of hardness. The name of the Minerals of Materials.