Biography of Papanin

Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin-head of the research drifting station "North Pole", Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Rear Admiral. The portrait of Ivan Papanin Ivan was born on November 14 under Art. The ancestors of Ivan were Moldovans and Ukrainians. Six children were brought up in the family. When Ivan was still a teenager, my mother died of sepsis, and the hardships of life lay on the shoulders of a teenager.

Therefore, despite the good performance at the school, Ivan had to leave for the factory. In the year, the young man witnessed the uprising on the ship's “Ochakov”. Even then, revolutionary ideals began to arise in the heart of Ivan.

Ivan Papanin in his youth since the year, the young man is arranged by the ship mechanic, and then masters the specialty of the locksmith. At 16, Ivan Papanin was listed as the best employee for assembling navigation devices. In the year, a young worker is sent for advanced training in Tallinn. In the year of the war, he fell into the ranks of the Russian Navy, but in the Groce, with the beginning of the revolutionary movement, he took the side of the Bolsheviks and swore allegiance to the Red Army.

Ivan Papanin, at work in the year, Ivan heads a partisan detachment in the territory of the Crimea occupied by the Germans under the Brest Treaty. The sabotage war begins, led by the Bolsheviks of Mokrousov, Frunze, Kun. Being in experienced warriors in subordination, Papanin performed several successful operations. One of the opponents of the partisans in those years was the army of Wrangel.

Papanin was given an order to go unnoticed through the White Guard territory and return back with reinforcement. The monument to Ivan Papanin, after the victory over Wrangel in the liberated territory of the Crimean Peninsula, Papanin gets the position of commandant of the Extraordinary Commission. Since the year, Ivan Dmitrievich had to work as an investigator. The ruthless Chekists shot, drowned and buried his compatriots alive.

It is not known what feelings was experienced at this time by Ivan Papanin, a simple -minded and honest person by nature. The expeditions a year later, Ivan Dmitrievich, was transferred to Moscow to the commissar for economic support of the fleet, in the year they are appointed head of the Commissariat of Post and Telegraph. In the same year, Papanin is recorded on the highest communications courses at which he studies for two years.

When a set on an expedition for the construction of a radio station in Yakutia was announced in the year, Papanin first showed a desire to go north. Ivan Papanin with a dog as a deputy head of construction in permafrost, Ivan Dmitrievich achieved the construction of the facility in a short time. Seven years later, Papanin has been sent by the head of the polar station to the islands of the lands of Franz Joseph, and two years later Ivan Dmitrievich heads the station in Taimyr.

Ivan Papanin at the North Pole when in the year the government decides on the launch of the world's first drifting Arctic station, no one had the question of who would go to head it. The Soviet government has long set itself the task of creating shipping along the northern border of the state. But the Arctic path has not yet been sufficiently studied. The scientific expedition organized directly on the ice was supposed to answer about the presence of underwater currents, the timing of the motionless standing of the ice and the paths of his drift.

Ivan Papanin at the North Pole, the Soviet expedition, which was widely covered in the world press, consisted of the head of Ivan Papanin, hydrologist and biologist Peter Petrovich Shirshov, Geophysics and astronomer Evgeny Konstantinovich Fedorov and radio operator Ernst Theodorovich Krenkel. On the Great Earth, the polar explorers were prepared by Otto Schmidt.

A few months before sending, special nutrition was developed, suitable for long storage in the Far North, a warm dwelling was developed, and measuring equipment was prepared. The expedition participants at the North Pole went to 4 air bombers in March and reached the final paragraph on May 21. The flight took place blindly, but the pilot Mikhail Vodopyanov put the aircraft exactly on an ice floe.

For 2 weeks, a scientific station was fully equipped on the ice, after which aircraft went back, and the ice was launched from the north to the south. The expedition participants to the North Pole: Pyotr Shirshov, Ivan Papanin, Ernst Krenkel, Evgeny Fedorov had to drift the polar experts, while it was planned to spend a year and a half in the waters of the Arctic Ocean. During this time, scientists have collected information about the fauna of the polar region, about the presence of plankton in the waters of the ocean.

The polar experts owns the opening of a large underwater ridge, and the creation of the Arctic meteorum. The head of the drifting station Ivan Papanin and pilot Matvey Kozlov is a critical moment for the Papanin group came in early February. The ice floe, already in the fall, approaching the warm waters of the Atlantic, began to melt and split into pieces. The next day, equipment and people were at Taimyr.

The Station of the Polarders of the country met Papaninists as national heroes. Papanin became an idol of millions, the biography of Ivan Dmitrievich was studied in schools.After the report, Ivan Papanin and Ernst Krenkel became doctors of geographical sciences. Ivan Dmitrievich is appointed head of Glavsevmorputi. In the year, Ivan Papanin participated in the rescue operation of the Georgy Sedov icebreaker, which drifted in the waters of the Arctic since the year due to a breakdown of the steering.

The icebreaker "Ivan Papanin", with the outbreak of war, Ivan Papanin was instructed to oversee the construction of port shipyards in Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, on the Far Eastern coast. After the victory over fascist Germany, having worked for a year in his former position, Papanin goes into science. Papanin's ideas about the creation of a scientific fleet are embodied. Since the year, Ivan Dmitrievich headed the Scientific Institute of Biology of Internal Water in the village of Borok, Yaroslavl region.

Until the end of his life, the scientist worked for the good of his homeland. Personal life Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin was married twice. The first wife of the polar explorer was Yalta, Yalta Galina Kirillovna Kastorzhivskaya. The woman shared with Ivan Dmitrievich all the hardships of life in Yakutia and Taimyr. Ivan Papanin with his wife Galina and father Galina was an indispensable assistant to her husband, collecting meteorological information and archiving the data obtained.

Having fell ill in the middle of the X cancer, Galina Kirillovna died in a year. There were no children in the family. Ivan Papanin with his niece, Ivan Dmitrievich, was seriously experiencing a loss, but in the year he married Raisa Vasilievna, who edited the publication of the polar explorer. The second wife was 35 years younger than Papanin. Death Ivan Dmitrievich until the end of his life was distinguished by good health.

The polar explorer died at the year 92 of life on January 30 of the year from cardiac arrest. The grave of Papanin is in the Novodevichy cemetery.