Approximate biography

Al-Farabi: biography, philosophy and wisdom of al-Farabi: biography, philosophy and wisdom. The name of al-Farabi is associated with the formation and development of Arabic philosophy of the Middle Ages.

This great son of the Kazakh steppes was a follower of Aristotle, a talented thinker and moral ideal of his time. We learn more about his life path and contribution to the development of world philosophy. But how many know about the achievements of a talented researcher and his attitude to Kazakhstan? Who was he? The biographies of sages and scientists who lived in the Middle Ages are almost unknown, since most sources are either lost or destroyed in wars or confrontations.

However, it is enough to appreciate the greatness of this person, to evaluate his contribution to the development of world science. What is known about this great scientist? In this place, two directions of the Great Silk Road that led to Europe were formed. In this village, approximately in the year of the 10th century, other sources indicate that the year was born al-Farabi.

Historians agreed that the future scientist was born in a Turkish family. It is indisputable that the boy had a noble origin, his father was a military man, served in the horse army. The component of Tarkhan in the name meant that a person belongs to the Turkic aristocracy. Historians suggest that up to twenty years old Abu-Nassr al-Farabi lived in Otrara. Here he began his way to know the world.

Not only merchants, but also travelers, sages, scientists, poets and preachers came to a large trading city. One of the greatest values ​​of that time was books. Therefore, the caravans brought ancient scrolls with them. Some of them remained in Otrara. The curious and thirsty for Al-Farabi's knowledge sought to find out as much as possible. He was interested in everything: treatises on astronomy and medicine, theory of great philosophers, the foundations of psychology and pedagogy, logic, law and music.

Therefore, it is not surprising that the creation of the oldest collection of books is associated with his name - the emergence of a poison library. Al-Farabi traveled a lot. Tashkent and Samarkand, and later - Bukhara was given by a thirst for knowledge. In these cities, the young man studied and worked. Scientists suggest that the sage had a demanded specialty - was a judge, but the fascination with science forced him to abandon this path.

There is an assumption that one of his acquaintances entrusted al-Farabi an essay of Aristotle. He became interested in the thoughts of the ancient Greek thinker and, under the impression of them, changed his life path. Approximately at the age of 40 - gg. Poets, philosophers and speakers flocked here. Surprisingly, the scientist brilliantly mastered many languages ​​of the Turkic group, but he did not know Arabic.

In Baghdad, he had to learn two languages, in which the sages of the Middle Ages said - ancient Greek and Arabic. In total, the philosopher knew 70 adverbs. Abu Bishrmatt Ben-Yunis-a translator of works of ancient Greek scientists Aristotle, Euclid, Plato, Galen-helped al-Farabi to find out about the laws of logic, the basics of the theory of knowledge. Over time, having learned that in Harran now-the administrative center in the province of Turkey of Chanlyurf lives the famous doctor and astronomer, the Christian philosopher Yukhanna Ben-Haylan, al-Farabi moves to this city and enters him in science.

Returning to the cultural and economic center of the Arab Caliphate - Baghdad - he is taken with a double passion for the study of Aristotelian treatises. For example, he read “about the soul” two thousand times. Al-Farabi very quickly became a leading intellectual, everyone knew about him in the caliphate. Talent and fame are associated with jealousy and envy.

The great scientist is gradually survived from Baghdad. In the beginning of the x. The XI century he is forced to move to Damascus, where he lives until the end of the earth's path in the year. At the end of life, al-Farabi had to face many difficulties, primarily material order. He worked as a garden watchman. Almost all the money went to the candles: in their light, the thinker wrote out thoughts at night.

So the famous work was created - the social utopia "On a virtuous city." He showed al-Farabi patronage. However, the role of the courtier was alien to the philosopher. He chose retreat and solitude. In the declining years, the scientist visited Egypt, and returning to Damascus at the end of the X. The eighty -year -old old man died quietly. There are several versions of his death. According to one of them, death was natural, and according to the other, the robbers killed the philosopher.

The rest of the scientist is the Damassian small gate. The works of al-Farabi more treatises formed the basis of medieval philosophy and philosophy of the Renaissance. His merit was the Europeanization of the science of the Arab world, the systematization of scientific knowledge. The huge contribution of the scientist to the development of the theory of knowledge was appreciated by his compatriots of the twentieth century: at the end of the second millennium, the Kazakh National University was named after the philosopher - named after Al-Farabi: The philosophy of the knowledge of al-Farabi was universal.

He was interested in both humanitarian and natural sciences.All his life al-Farabi devoted to the study of the Aristotelian concept of reasoning-formal logic, Platonic ontology and epistemology-the theory of being and knowledge. Thanks to his works in Arabic philosophy of the 9th - 10th centuries. He is recognized as the founder of oriental peripathetism - a philosophical system, growing on the Aristotelian teaching.

Al-Farabi philosophy is a vivid embodiment of the main positions of the teachings of this ancient Greek thinker. What is valuable to the world the second teacher, born on the southern lands of Kazakhstan? The philosopher sought to systematically know the world order. He outlined the main positions of his theory of knowledge in the treatise "The Word of the Classification of Sciences." The scientist proposed this system as the basis of higher education.

At the top of sciences, in his opinion, linguistics is a letter, reading and poetics, then logic, mathematics, physics, metaphysics, politics are coming. He developed his own theory of being: in the beginning - Allah, the middle is the hierarchy as a multiplication of being, as a result of which people, animals, plants, man - a thinking creature, striving to know the world, its goal - achieve happiness appear.

Al-Farabi is the Almighty is a philosophical god whose actions are quite known. Al-Farabi was an adherent of the deductive method and believed that the world is not eternal, it is changeable and multiple. The philosopher claimed that there are 4 forms of reason: passive, relevant, acquired and active. In a rational way, not in the process of mystical insight, in his opinion, one can comprehend God.

The thinker created social utopia. Its main provisions are set out in the treatise "On the Virtue City". He believed that a person is able to create an ideal society if he is guided by the mind and constantly develop intelligence. In this scientific work, the scientist revised almost everything - from the layout of the ideal city, its architecture to the system of taxation and proceedings.

The sages should manage the perfect city. In each area, the best are dominated - talented and gifted. The elite produces knowledge by thinking. With the help of artistic images, poetic speeches, she brings up citizens, forms their morality. Al-Farabi created a unique theory of music. The ideal world that al-Farabi dreamed of is a world controlled by a philosopher-a man who comprehended the depths of knowledge and renounced the temptations of being, material values.

He believed that every person from birth is predisposed to virtue, the lot of the mentor is to discover this quality in the personality. The achievements of the great philosopher, his wise maxims and instructions, a huge contribution to the development of world science - the pride of Kazakhstanis.