Friedman biography briefly
A graduate of the Second St. Petersburg gymnasium A. Friedman was born in St. Petersburg in the family of an artist of the ballet troupe of the Imperial St. Petersburg theaters, later the dropmeaster of the Life Guard of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, Alexander Alexandrovich Friedman and his wife, Lyudmila Ignatievna, both Orthodox religion. In August, on the basis of the petition of the father, who had a residence at the address: Moika, house 35, apartment 4, Alexander Friedman, 9 years old, after passing the exam to the preparatory class of the gymnasium as a student, was enrolled in the gymnasium, which he graduated from the Golden Medal.
Starting from the 4th grade of the gymnasium, A. Friedman is studying for almost all five, received a first degree reward after the fifth grade, there are no comments for behavior in a conduite journal for the academic year.
The certificate of the maturity of A. Friedman contains only excellent assessments in all subjects and indicates: “Dan for this son of the provincial secretary Friedman Alexander, the Orthodox religion who was born in the city of St. Petersburg on June 4, who studied for 9 years in the gymnasium of Alexander I and stayed 1 year in grade, is, firstly, that on the basis of observation of his training in the 2nd S., together with his friend, Yakov Davydovich Tamarkin, he published the first mathematical work in one of the leading German mathematical magazines "Mathematics" mathematical magazines " Annals "Mathema-Tische Annalen", published since the year in Leipzig.
Petersbourg, dated by the authors in a certificate issued by the director of the gymnasium by A. Davidenkov Friedman at the University of St. Petersburg, indicated: “The A. Friedman received a certificate of maturity in the year, starting from the III class, and starting with the 5th grade-physics and higher mathematics, taking advantage of By the instructions of academician A.
at the final exams on May 24, Friedman set out the theory of comparisons and the theory of trigonometric functions. I consider this a duty to certify, according to the statement of teachers: the mathematicians of J. Jordan and physics of I. In August, A. Friedman was enrolled in the number of first-year students in the department of mathematical sciences of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of the Imperial St.
Petersburg University, which graduated from the year. Friedman studied, in particular, Academicians A. Markov, V. Steklov, J. Information in the book "Student's Recording" A. Friedman confirm his high performance in all courses of the studied disciplines with the highest mark on the testing "Very satisfactory", released from testing for a significant part of training courses.
Together with graduates, gold medalists of the Second St. Petersburg gymnasium Y. Tamarkin and V. Smirnov, M. Petelin visits a circle of persons to study some departments of pure and applied mathematics, other scientific circles, publishes work in scientific journals, participates in the activities of the Faculty of Publishing Committee. Friedman was left at the University at the Department of Pure Mathematics of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty for Preparation for Professor.
Academician V. Steklov in the official review pointed out: "... Over the twenty years of my teaching activities, I have not met such gifted young people, that is, Bulygin, Tamarkin, Friedman, as three of the above. They should be kept for science and give them the opportunity to devote themselves to scientific work ... It should be noted that one of them, G. Friedman, a person not at all secured, and lived, being a student, lessons, proofreading work and a small scholarship ...
G. Friedman speaks French and German and freely reads English and Italian works, what his work testifies, and I also know personally by correspondence ... ". Upon graduation, the University of the University A. Friedman lectured at the Institute of Railway Engineers, The Mountain Institute worked at the Aerological Observatory in the G. with the outbreak of the First World War, A. Friedman volunteered for an aviation detachment, the observer A.
Friedman, according to academicians V. Steklov and A. Krylov, was represented by Georgian weapons for participation in aviation intelligence, a participant in military operations in Prussia and Galicia. The current army of aerodynamics, aerological observations of the theory of bombing, personally conducting them during flights, participated in air battles and bombing. After the revolution, A.
Friedman, a professor at the University of Perm, worked as a physicist, a scientist secretary, and then the director of the Main Physical Geophysical Observatory, defended his master's dissertation, and he taught a professor of mathematics of the University of Physics and Mathematics in various educational institutions of Petrograd.During this period, he published about 20 articles and several books on the problems of dynamic meteorology, hydrodynamics, atmosphere physics and relativistic cosmology.
In the field of cosmology, A. Friedman predicted the expansion of the universe. The first non -stationary decisions of Einstein’s equations he received in the years in the study of the relativistic models of the Universe marked the beginning of the development of the theory of non -stationary universe. The results of A. Friedman showed that Einstein’s equations do not lead to the only model of the universe, which later received confirmation as a result of the astronomical observations of Edwin Hubbla.
In the year, A. Friedman entered a scientific polemic with A. Einstein, who was a supporter of the idea of staticity of the Universe. Friedman managed to convince A. Einstein that Einstein admitted by publishing in the journal Zeitschrift Fur Physik a note in the year, which, in particular, indicated: “... my criticism, as I was convinced from the letter of Friedman ...
I was based on the error. I count the results of G. Friedman The correct and shed a new light, it turns out that the field equations allow, along with static, also dynamic, that is, variables regarding the time of central symmetric decisions for the structure of space. " In July, he made a record rise on a spherical balloon to a height of meters with a scientific purpose with a pilot P.
Fedoseenko. These flights were a mortal danger to participants in connection with the imperfection of technology and oxygen starvation of pilots, causing deep fainting. Friedman died in Leningrad from an illness. A few years ago, a monument was erected at the grave of A. Friedman at the Smolensk Orthodox cemetery with the inscription "Outstanding scientist, the creator of the theory of the non-stationary universe, a graduate of the Second St.
Petersburg gymnasium. Grateful descendants. "Friedman for outstanding work in the field of meteorology, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Award named after A. Fridman for outstanding work on cosmology and gravity was established. Fund 14" Petrograd University ", inventory 1, inventory 3, case, case