Andrian Biography

Nikolaev, the third Soviet cosmonaut Andriyan Grigoryevich Nikolaev, is a legendary astronaut from Chuvashia, who entered the first three Soviet people who conquered space. In history, he is known as the first astronaut, who worked in orbit without a spacesuit and participated in a military experiment in space. The childhood and youth of the astronaut Andriyan Nikolaev was born on September 5 until graduation Andriyan was surname Grigoryev - on behalf of his father, because then it was so accepted.

Nikolaev, with the family of the youth of the future astronaut, fell on the difficult years of wartime and post -war devastation. He recalled: “All the men sat down to the front. There were only people with disabilities and old people. The father by that time often began to hurt. For this reason, he was not taken to the front. In addition, the family was Zina’s sister and brother Peter, both younger than me.

And I got into the work for real, along with my older brother Ivan. There was no more time for children's fun. In war, all teenagers have matured very early. Already being a student of the sixth grade, during the holidays, I harvested a plowed field. Tired of exhaustion. And a year later I was already trusted to plow. At first glance, this is not necessary in this skill.

But you will miss the time - and the horse can turn aside, and the quality of labor will be completely different. ” Nikolaev with his mother Anna Alekseevna Alekseeva-Nicolaeva Andriyan dreamed of becoming a paramedic at the end of the collective farm seven-year-old, but the family could not afford the training of a boy. Then in the year Andriyan moved to the city of Mariinsky Posad, where the older brother lived, and entered the forestry.

Training in a technical school was not easy for yesterday's schoolboy, especially if you take into account that the times were hungry, there was not enough the most urgent - food, warm clothes. The elder brother Ivan later spoke about Andriyan: “We fully experienced both hunger and cold. At night, they could not warm up in the winter cold, since the hostel was not heated.

In the audience, ink was frozen. The student scholarship was barely enough to redeem the daytime norm of gram grambing rations. I didn’t get potatoes even ... I confess that I am far from a gentle, and sometimes I didn’t find a place for myself, I wanted to eat so much. Sometimes even when he lost the presence of the spirit, I did not want to take on textbooks. And Andriyan, younger than me by age, also encouraged the depressed, showing a personal example of how to hold on to overcome difficulties.

Then I realized that the everyday difficulties of weak people are doing even weaker, and stronger people are even stronger. ” During the years of study, Andriyan had to go about 30 km back and forth every day. And this is half -starved in simple clothes for three years. It was on the way home to the Western December evening of the year that he was caught by the news of his father's death.

This event instantly aged a mother. But the family rallied even more. Children helped Anna Alekseevna around the house, worked in the field, but did not abandon their studies. Work in Karelia and the army service in the year after the end of the technical school, the future astronaut received a distribution to North Karelia in a large forest industry - the Yuzhno Karelles Trust, where he worked at logging for three years.

First, assistant master for logging, and then the master. In the city, the fate of Andriyan Nikolaev was forever related to aviation. In those years, in the middle of the last century, there were few guys who graduated from the technical school in the military service. The young Chuvash boy was sent to the school of air shooters at the Kirovobad Military Aviation School of Pilots named after By the end of the course, he felt a taste for flight business.

The command of the air regiment, which was based in Star-Konstantinov, liked a calm, reinforced, disciplined soldier. Therefore, Andriyan made an offer to become a pilot. Here he studies 1 year. And already in the year he receives an appointment in the fighter Aviation regiment of the Moscow Air Defense District. And he did this, according to the commanders, excellent. Therefore, it is not surprising that after a year of stay in the unit of Andriyan, he became a senior pilot, and then the adjutant of the squadron.

At the end of the x, the strictest selection began in the USSR in the first detachment of future astronauts. Andriyan Nikolaev manages to go through it. In this choice, not only the beautiful physical form of the young man, his magnificent data of the pilot, but also the recommendation given when joining the Communist Party, played a role. The communist, who recommended A. Nikolaev in the ranks of the party, confidently wrote: “I know Senior Lieutenant Nikolaev Andriyan Grigoryevich in joint service from year to present.

Nikolaev-a disciplined, competent pilot-officer, enjoys authority among the personnel of the part. He is constantly working to increase his military and political knowledge, flies competently and well. ” At the end of April, future astronauts were brought to Engels, where training began. One of the most difficult tasks of the Center for Training of Cosmonauts of the CPC at that time was the development of training methods.

Indeed, until that moment, no one has ever prepared people in the history of mankind for flights into space.Nikolai Nikolai Kamanin, Nikolai Kamanin, the commander of the first detachment of the astronauts, recalled: “The preparation of the astronaut can be compared with passage through many different sized doors. Behind the first, wide, which can be included in dozens and even hundreds of people, there are other doors.

And with each step they become increasingly narrow. Step by step, the step behind the step walked up the astronaut to get the right to become the commander of the "star ship". And this figurative characteristic is more than accurate. During the preparation, many candidates were expelled. Some could not stand the tests of will and strict discipline, others - physical activity. Nikolaev himself considered the most difficult test in preparation for the flight to be a stay in a gap in a surge -chamber that imitates complete isolation from the outside world.

In this closed space, the future astronaut was 10 days without any visual and auditory communication. Another important part of the preparation of cosmos conquerors were permanent parachute sports. A return from space would be impossible without a parachute. The detachment worked out jumping from various heights, not only to Earth, but also to water, including at night. And this is in complete cosmic equipment - in spacesuits!

By the time Nikolaev, there were 40 parachute jumps of varying degrees of complexity. Nikolaev performs the next parachute jump Nikolaev was completely given to preparation. He knew very well that in the upcoming case, any omission could lead to tragic consequences. His efforts were not in vain. In the fall, G. Andriyan was appointed to the first six astronauts to prepare for the first manned flight into space.

In August, he became the understudy of German Titov. Herman Titov Second Soviet Cosmonaut trained, together with the astronaut, this is a medium -sized young man. Amazingly calm, unhurried, modest, able to think independently, something similar to the pilot Alexei Maresyev. You can be nearby for a long time and not hear a single word, if this is not required in the interests of the matter.

Many of us, astronauts like, this good -natured, smart and strong -willed person; Able to quickly make decisions, fearlessly and consistently think. You can work with this for a century. If he promises, he will certainly hold back his word. For several years, grueling training, severe trials, and constant medical studies continued. I. I. I took the on -board magazine and took my workplace, ready to observe and meticulously record everything that will be during training.

For 15 seconds, Nikolaev pressed to the mattress.

The movie operator turned on the cameras and recorded the coordination of his movement. And all this in order in August, Andriyan Grigoryevich Nikolaev could start at the “East 3”, becoming the third citizen of the USSR and the fifth man in the world who entered near-Earth orbit. His call sign was the "Falcon". The first and second cosmic flights of Andriyan Nikolaev, and now the long -awaited event in the life of Nikolaev happened.

The flight ended only on August 15. It was an event in which everything happened for the first time. Andriyan Nikolaev before the launch of the East-3 on August 11. The first flight into space of such a duration is 4 days. The first time a person was in a ship without a spacesuit and without leaning to a chair.