Biography of Alexander the Bolshoi

The grandmother of Alexander Empress Catherine II intended to raise a successor from him from him. For this, on the recommendation of the French philosopher D. Didro, the Swiss F. Lagarp was invited to Alexander, who had a great influence on the formation of the character of the Grand Duke. The Russian General Field Marshal N. was appointed by the trustee of Alexander by entering the throne after the death of Emperor Paul I in March in April G.

After that, Alexander concentrated his efforts on the development of reforms in the circle of his associates, creating an unofficial supreme advisory body under the emperor. By the time of the coronation of Alexander I, in September, the indispensable council was prepared by a number of projects: “The all -mocking diploma, the Russian people complained”, containing guarantees of the basic civil rights of subjects of freedom of speech, press, conscience, personal security, guarantee of private property; Manifesto on the peasant question; Senate reorganization project.

However, during their discussion, the contradictions were found between members of the indispensable council, so not one of the three documents was made public. The consideration in the Council of the Peasant issue led to the emergence of a decree in February on free stoopers, allowing the landowners to let the peasants into the will and consolidate the land into property, which created the category of personally free peasants.

The reform of the highest and central governing bodies was carried out: the ministries A and the Cabinet of Ministers were established, the State Council was formed for an indispensable council. In the city of Alexander I, he entrusted the Count M. Speransky for the development of a new project of state reform, which involved the transformation of Russia into a constitutional monarchy, where the power of the sovereign would be limited by a two -fascinated legislative body of a parliamentary type.

In addition, during gg. In foreign policy, the government of Alexander I sought to create a collective security system in Europe, connecting all the leading powers among themselves by a number of contracts. However, the aggressive policy of Napoleon Bonaparte led to an exacerbation of the international situation, so in May in Gg. Alexander I took part in coalitions against Napoleonic France.

But the defeat of Russia near Austerlitz in November G. However, already at that time, relations between the allies began to aggravate due to a conflict of interests. The struggle with Napoleon involved Russia in the war with Sweden, Turkey and Persia, following which the Friedrichsgm world, Bucharest and Gulistan peace treaties were concluded. In September, Alexander I opened the Sejm and approved the Constitution of Finland.

The wars greatly upset the state economy of Russia. The burden of Tilsit conditions, the unwillingness to follow the Napoleon adopted by Napoleon to fight England and the continental customs system devastating for Russia led to war with France. In June, after a long retreat and abandonment of Moscow, Russian troops managed to turn the course of the war and expel the enemy from the borders of the Fatherland.

The war with Napoleon continued abroad in alliance with Austria and Prussia and was completed in the city of Alexander I instructed Count N. Novosiltsev to prepare the draft constitution for Russia. The project "State Charter of the Russian Empire", which provided for the federal structure of the country, by the end of the city Alexander I initiated the creation of the Holy Union-the prototype of international organizations-which was a kind of guarantor of compliance with the decisions of the Vienna Congress, the Russian emperor personally participated in the activities of Congresses of the Holy Union in Aachen September-November G.

Alexander I died in Taganrog during a trip to Russia and was buried in the clan tomb of the Romanovs Dynasty-Petro-Popovlovsky Cathedral of St. Petersburg.

Napoleon and Alexander I. Rostov-on-Don,; Mironenko S. Emperor Alexander I and his associates in,, years. Emperor Alexander the First and the idea of ​​the Holy Union. Riga,; Nikolai Mikhailovich, Grand Duke. Emperor Alexander I. Public movement under Alexander I. Alexander I and Napoleon. His life and reign.