Academician Migdal Biography

Arkady Benediktovich Bainusovich Migdal was born on February 26 on March 11 in Lida in N. Grodno region, the Republic of Belarus in the family of a landowner. When Arkady turned fourteen, his father was transferred to work in Leningrad. Here in the year, working as a laboratory assistant in physics at school, Migdal completed and published in the journal Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Technology in the Labor School his first scientific work “On one mistake in the use of ATVUDA machine”.

In the year, Arkady Midala without exams was enrolled in the physical department of Leningrad State University of LSU, but in the year he was excluded for "non -playing origin." Then he was arrested on political charges, but after a two -month imprisonment was released. After that, Migdal rushed to engage in any policy and completely went into science. In gg. After graduating from the university in the year, successfully defending the thesis, he entered the graduate school of the Leningrad Physical and Technical Institute named after Ioffe Lift, where his scientific interests were determined and his own scientific style began to form.

A. Midal, the head of the thesis and study in graduate school, was a scientist and teacher Matvey Petrovich Bronstein, who, in fact, became the first and main teacher of Midal as a scientist. It was this bright, talented and deep person who played a large role in the scientific formation of A. since the year A. The early works of A. Midala considered the problem of interaction between neutrons with atoms, in particular, the ionization of the atom when the neutron is impacting this problem, he applied the original method of “shaking”, which was later widely used to solve various problems and brought the author Widespread fame, the method itself has firmly entered the theoretical physics and widely spread to the physics of purely atomic processes.

On this topic, A. Migdal defended his thesis in the year. In the year, A. Migdal moved to Moscow as a doctoral student and senior researcher at the theoretical department of the IFP Institute of Physical Problems, Leaded by L. here A. Almond continued to study the processes accompanying nuclear reactions, developed the theory of giant dipole resonance in the nuclei related to neutron fluctuations, which later became classical and entered into many guidelines for nuclear physics.

These works form the basis of the doctoral dissertation, which he defended in the year. The work was published in the year and brilliantly protected in the year. Migdal worked at various academic research institutes. In the year he was awarded the title of professor. Kurchatov and joined the work on the atomic project. Already on November 30, by the decision of the Special Committee A.

Midal, the commission was included in the commission created to analyze all available materials on the consequences of the use of atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki and determining the effectiveness of the explosive wave factor, thermal and radioactive radiation factors. Here he got the results of fundamental importance. Based on the idea expressed in conjunction with L. Landau that the Uranus block in the slower can be considered as a source of quick and flow of thermal and resonant neutrons, A.

Midal proposed a simple way to calculate, in which the heterogeneous nature of the reactor was used to simplify the equations. This made it possible to fully calculate the neutron field in the structure with isolation, as well as the critical size and other parameters of the structure. But still A. Midala was more fascinated by pure physics, and besides, he sought to eliminate nuclear weapons.

Kurchatov I. Midal at the head of the theoretical sector of the 10th Scientific Department “K”, allowing to engage in fundamental problems. In the year, according to the plan of special research work, A. Migdal was responsible for studying the process of splitting nuclei under the influence of fast particles, including studies of nuclear transformations. Sector 10 included in research on the problem of controlled thermonuclear synthesis.

During this period, A. Midal, together with V. Galitsky, performed a number of studies that retained their significance for the subsequent development of the sections of theory of thermonuclear plasma and largely contributed to solving a broader problem - the formation of plasma theory as a physicist in collective processes. MIGPAL was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences on the separation of physicist sciences of physics and continued to actively develop fundamentally important issues of quantum physics.

Although A. Midal once rushed to engage in any policy, in the year he signed a “three hundred letter”, aimed at the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU and containing criticism of scientific views and practical activities of academician T. The next period of the scientific activity of A. Midal was associated with the creation of the problem of the problem of many bodies based on the application of the methods of quantum field theory in nuclear physics.

Migdal and his closest students became authors of pioneer work in this area. The work “Super -TECACTION AND MACTS OF NOMENSION Inertia” MIGPAL was transferred to the post of head of the sector 10 to the department of nuclear physics of the Kurchatov Institute.The work in the department ended with the spelling of the monographs “The theory of the final farm systems and the properties of atomic nuclei” G.

Both monographs by A. Midal were transferred to the United States and became table books of nuclear theoreticians around the world. In the year of Migdal A. Landau, to the post of head of the sector, where he worked up to a year and where he began a new direction of research- the behavior of Fermi and Bose Systems in strong outer fields. The main ideas and results of the new direction were reflected in the monograph by A.

Midal “Fermiones and bosons in strong fields” G. How A. Midal loved to express himself, “a beautiful formula cannot be wrong”. He developed the theory of dipole and quadaropol radiation of nuclei and the theory of ionization of atoms in nuclear reactions, developed the theory of wide rain of charged particles, developed the method of solving the quantum problem of many bodies, studied the polarization of the vacuum in strong magnetic fields and much more.

In the scientific work of Midal A., he perfectly owned the whole arsenal of the means of theoretical physics, he almost always reached the impressive proportionality between purpose and means. All scientific work of A. Midal is very harmonious and was marked by extremely low by the percentage of scientific marriage for a highly productive scientist. Arkady Benediktovich Midal became a mentor for many students, raised dozens of actively working theoretical physicists, including academicians, corresponding members, doctors and candidates of sciences.

This is the "school of Midala." The teaching activities of A. Midal since the year are connected with the Moscow Engineering and Physical Institute then-the Moscow Mechanical Institute, in which he worked from the day of foundation and where he taught theoretical physics, lectured on the theory of nucleus and close-related methods of quantum theory, and became the founder of the general institutes of a well-known seminar.

The fruits of his pedagogical activity were the monographs “close methods of quantum mechanics” together with V. Krainov and “high -quality methods in quantum theory”, translated into English and became bibliographic rarity. The reader assessment of the scientific significance and practical utility of A. Midal's books is that they diverged almost instantly.

Migdal tried to avoid politics, but from time to time she found him. So, in the year A. A. Midal was not afraid to intercede for academician A. In the year he was one of those who helped to save the life of the great A. Sakharov, who was always a model of a citizen for A. Midal. When the issue of choice arose, A. Migdal always behaved very worthy and in the most difficult times did not tarnish himself with a single unworthy act.

In response, “Paid” “paid” by A. Midal with deep respect and, after returning from exile, attracted him to the foundation of the Moscow Tribuna public organization, rightly believing that the high public reputation of A. Midal will help the formation of a new organization. A. Midal is widely known as a bright and at the same time deep and responsible popularizer of science.

He collaborated with the Knowledge Society, where he constantly gave lectures, including the psychology of scientific creativity, writing an exciting brochure on this subject “Search for Truth” G. The speeches of A. Midal on television have always caused a wide resonance and contributed to the spread of scientific ideas. But the stormy and active nature of Arkady Benediktovich Midal was not enough for the usual framework of science.

Pushkin’s words “... and the academician, and the hero, and the navigator, and the carpenter are quite suitable for him. Arkady Benediktovich was a man of many talents - there was no area in which he would not understand the way professionals do. A variety of abilities, interests and hobbies of A. Midal were not limited only to physics. Arkady Benediktovich was a talented sculptor and a woodcarker and stone, which was already opened in adulthood.