Biography a Tver

When, on the sediment of Yuri Moskovsky on November 22, Yuri received rubles from Tver for the khan in the city of Yuri, but did not manage to transfer them to him in time. Dmitry went to the Horde with a complaint; Yuri hurried after him for justification, but Alexander on the road attacked Yuri, took away the treasury from him, including the Tver "weekend silver".

Yuri fled to Pskov, and Dmitry received a great reign. Yuri again goes to the Horde with a complaint against the Tver princes. Dmitry catch up with him and kills Michael on the eve of the death of Michael, "avenging blood from." Such an act could not remain unpunished, especially since Yuri was Khan's son -in -law. Alexander, who was at that time in the Horde, had to use all the diplomatic art in order to save the life of his brother, to save the Tver princes from Khan's anger, and the Tver Principality of the defeat.

Khan Uzbek after a year of hesitation nevertheless killed Dmitry, while the great reign of Vladimir regained Alexander, his brother. Such mercy was unexpected. Tver princes in the eyes of the khan were seditious; Under created conditions, Alexander could hardly have a trouble of the Great Principle, and his character, direct and open, also spoke in favor of Khan's mercy.

Not long, Alexander had to be the Grand Duke. He settled not in Vladimir, but in Tver. “His debtors” - the Tatars arrived with him. Two Tatar ruins already had already fallen to the Tver land, one after the other, Kavgady under Mikhail in the city of the people was very burdened by the Tatars and the barely restrained bitterness was fed to them. He drove the Grand Duke himself from his court and occupied him with his retinue, "erecting the great persecution of Christians by violence, and robbery, and beating, and scolding." Among the people, a rumor spread that she moved the prince, he himself to take his place and introduce Mohammedanism.

There was enough a small spark to flare up an uprising. The situation was used by Ivan Kalita Moscow, the brother of the murdered Yuri. He immediately went to the Horde until Alexander had time to justify himself before the khan.

The angry khan gave Ivan 50 Tatar rati to punish Tver. Alexander fled to Novgorod, but was not accepted there out of fear of the Tatars and headed for Pskov. The Pskovites, striving for isolation from Novgorod, were happy to recognize him as their prince. Karamzin calls Alexander cowardly because he did not die in a glorious battle or did not surrender to the Tatars in order to save subjects from the Tatar pogrom.

But to fight with the Tatar army, united with the Moscow and Suzdal militia, would be madness for the ruined Tver; Alexander could not go to bow to the khan, waiting for his faithful death, for Kalita was ahead of him; Moreover, this would be an insult to popular feeling. In the historical song, which has reached us, about the Shchelkan Dudenitevich, princes act at the same time with the people.

The princes "Borisovichi" were the first to beat the Tatars. Then his death occurred, he didn’t find anyone on whom. ”History says that this death was very“ familiar with. ”The whole half -year of the Tver region wore traces of the pogrom of Ivan Kalita. The returning princes Konstantin and Vasily Mikhailovich“ Sedosh “in Tver in the Glendary of Poverty and the squalor“ The people in their song hid the horrors of ruin, satisfied with the feeling of pronoun The feeling of the princes.

Metropolitan Theognost, for the sake of Kalita, excommunicated them from the church and betrayed them with a curse. Alexander, not wanting the Pskovs to suffer because of him, to leave for Lithuania. Pskov voluntarily obeyed the requirements of Moscow; Metropolitan took off his curse and excommunication. Kalita brought the khan that the enemy had fled. Having lived in Lithuania for a year and a half, Alexander was again accepted by the Pskovichs to reign under the auspices of the Lithuanian Prince Gedimin.

But Alexander became sorry for his children and descendants who were supposed to lose their princely power. The Uzbek was pleased with such a humility of Alexander and returned Tver to him. The return of Alexander was a blow to Kalita, for he threatened the new struggle for the great reign. Maybe the Uzbek, therefore, gave, Tver Alexander, that he wanted to keep Kalita in fear: Tver, despite his decline, was then the only rival of Moscow.

Kalita, the rival of Alexander, was a rich, insidious and illegible man in the means. The Tver princes did not have dexterity and resourcefulness, Ioni lost in the struggle for primacy, paying their lives. Alexander, having arrived in Tver after a ten -year exile, did not immediately get along with the Moscow prince, for he did not want to obey him. Kalita went to the Horde and there achieved that the khan called Alexander to himself and ordered to kill him with his son Theodore.

The bodies of the princes were brought to Tver, where they were buried in the Spassky Cathedral. Tver remained for Konstantin Mikhailovich. BDE-Human BDE.