Biography Faina Ranevskaya

St. Petersburg 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya St. In the years, Ranevskaya was awarded three Stalinist awards. In addition, her creative merits were marked by the “sign of honor”, ​​the Order of Lenin and twice the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. And although the great Faina has long been gone with us, we remember her - for her role, for her charisma and, of course, for her famous wit.

Children's years: the storm and onslaught of Faina Georgievna Feldman Ranevskaya - the pseudonym, which she took from the heroine of the Chekhov “Vishnevoy Garden” Lyubov Ranevskaya was born on August 27, 15 - according to the old style of the year in Taganrog. By the time of the birth of crumbs Fanny, her parents Girsch Khaimovich and Milka Rafailovna Feldman had already raised three children - two sons and a daughter.

Faina Ranevskaya in childhood in the photo on the right with his brother Feldman was wealthy. The father, who owned the Saint Nicholas, with profitable houses and a factory of dry colors, increasingly increased family well -being. Mother, a diligent and zealous mistress, led the house with a firm hand, observing the exemplary order in everything. The House of the Feldmans family in Taganrog Faina at the most tender age showed its unbridled character: she frightened violently with the brothers who mocked her stuttering, and she could not make friends with her sister, envious of her beauty.

Baby Thae often reminded that she was not good at herself. Thoughts about this forced her to be shy about her appearance all her life. The parents of Faina Ranevskaya, in addition to everything, did not get along and with a study, to which the girl did not feel the slightest interest - she liked only the study of literature and foreign languages, and also a game of piano and singing. But it was necessary to know a bunch of all other objects so that the life of little Fanny was not at all cloudless.

Nevertheless, the girl knew how to achieve what she wanted. Subsequently, Ranevskaya said that at the age of five she considered herself a future actress, and cited the following example: when her younger brother died, she cried about him, but from time to time she moved the curtain on the mirror to admire the way she looked in tears and suffering. Faina then used many her childhood impressions to create stage images.

These memoirs were presented by mannered ladies, screaming and grimacing at a ball in an officer meeting; Evil geography teacher who drove a small gymnasium student with lessons; The maids who sang the opera arias while the window windows were washed in early spring Faina Ranevskaya on the right in her youth with her sister Bella, the desire to devote herself to the scene was strewn with the girl after two works that shocked her - this is the dumb film “Romeo and Juliet” and the play “Cherry Garden”.

The purpose of life was determined once and for all. The beginning of his career: the path to recognition, who dreamed of the Moscow Art Theater Faina, at the age of 17, announced her loved ones that she decided to become an actress of the theater. Father first besieged her offensive, “How long did it look in the mirror? The girl accepted the challenge of fate and still left for Moscow.

She no longer returned to her father’s house. The retreat was not in the character of Faina: she turned to the teachers of a private theater school. But money was melting like snow and did not have a chance to finish. Still, luck was on the side of the young loser and therefore brought her with the unique Ekaterina Vasilyevna Geltzer-the Bolshaya Balerine Prima-Balerine, dancing in the entreprise of Sergei Diaghilev himself.

Acquaintance with Ekaterina Geltzer in the photo on the right played a large role in the life of Ranevskaya precisely thanks to Geltzer, Ranevskaya entered the troupe of the Malakhovsky summer theater near Moscow, on the stage of which such capital celebrities as Alexander Vertinsky, M. Blmental-Tamarina, I. Moskvin with the wife of A. Tarasova, as well as A. Debut Ranevskaya on the stage of the Malakhovsky Summer Summer, took place in The production based on the play by Leonid Andreev “The one who receives the slap in the face” - of course, so far only in the masses.

However, even in a small role without words, the eccentricity of the young actress manifested so brightly that Illarion Pevtsov, the famous dramatic actor, convincedly said: “Remember this young lady!

She will become a great actress! The next step in Ranevskaya’s career was work in the troupe of Madame Lavrovskaya, where the young actress should have reliably portrayed the heroine-bunker. The girl wanted fame, strove for touring activities and received what she wanted: together with this troupe, the actress traveled the entire Crimea, tirelessly playing on numerous scenes of the peninsula.

The young Faina Ranevskaya Years of Revolution and the Civil War, the young Ranevskaya conducted in the struggle for any roles and more or less toleble life. Her relatives emigrated abroad even at the first signs of the upcoming historical breaking, so Faine had to rely only on herself. She constantly worked, virtually toured throughout the country for 16 years, she returned to Moscow with a bright actress who could cope with any role with an unchanged success.The creative flowering and glory upon returning to the capital Faina Georgievna became part of the troupe of the Chamber Theater, where she soon received the role of a prostitute Zinka in the play “Pathetic sonata” by Alexander Tairov.

The versatility and piercing of the image created by the actress conquered the audience. All Moscow talked about Ranevskaya! Faina Ranevskaya in the play “Pathetic sonata” later invited her to the Red Army Theater, where she was a leading actress for several years. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War caught Faina in the Drama Theater, with the team of which she traveled to all fronts and front -line zones, playing the play “Young Guard”.

The fearlessness and dedication of the actress in wartime were marked by the medal "For Valiant Labor". In the postwar years, Ranevskaya served in the theater. The Moscow City Council, attracting a lot of spectators with his brilliant game in the performances "Fashionable shop" of Sumburov; "Dawn over Moscow" by Agrippina Solntsev; "Storm" Manka-prospect; The "story of Turkey" of the old woman Fatma Nurkhan and others.

Talent of Faina Georgievna sparkled even in small episodes. What is worth, for example, the role of Manki-Provincial in the play "Storm"! The actress completely came up with the text for her heroine herself, and the spectacular combination of a subtle realistic game with a sharp grotesque ensured an accurate hit in the image, which made him the most noticeable in the play.

Therefore, many spectators came specifically to look at Manka-Ranevskaya, after which they left the theater, not watching the production to the end. For this reason, director Yuri Zavadsky shot the actress from this role. Complex relations with Yuri Alexandrovich did not give the Ranevsky opportunity to prove himself on stage to the fullest. Famous for the merciless of her aphoristic statements, the emotional Faina Georgievna brought the chief director to white heat and, as a result, was left without roles.

Zavadsky deprived her of the right to participate in almost all performances. Due to the constant crossings with Yuri Alexandrovich, she even had to go to the Moscow theater for some time. Pushkina, where she perfectly played Antonid Vasilievna in the “player”, grandmother in the play “Trees die standing”, Praskovya Alekseevna in “obscurantist”. The Moscow City Council, and she happily agreed, where in the end she worked until the very end of her theatrical activity.

Faina Ranevskaya as Mrs. Savage, the production of “Strange Mrs. Savage”, was here masterfully reincarnated, then in Maria Alexandrovna “Dyadyushkin Sleep”, then in Glafira Firsovna “The Last Sacrifice”, then in Filitsat “Truth is good, but happiness is better”. On the stage of this theater, Ranevskaya also played its most famous roles - Mrs. Savage “Strange Mrs. Savage” and Lucy Cooper “Further Silence”.

A rare record. Faina Ranevskaya as a speculator in the play “Storm” is permanently demanding of herself, the actress worked difficult and painfully, because she strove for perfection, but always remained unsatisfied - even when she achieved success. Faina Ranevskaya is the romance of Alexander Parkhomenko, the head of Kino in the book of the life of the actress of the Ranevskaya career in cinema was also very successful - and it was the films that brought her popular fame and recognition.

Faina Ranevskaya was called the “queen of episodes” by Faina Georgievna called the “queen of episodes”, as she mainly had to play second -plan characters, but the audience knew all Ranevskaya’s roles. In each of them, she invested her own understanding of the personality of the hero, surprising and amazing the surprise of her interpretation. They were attracted by sparkling wit that cannot be learned - it is necessary to be born with it.

But despite all her professional achievements and all her intellectual brilliance, the famous actress constantly experienced burning dissatisfaction with herself and suffered from self -doubt. Is it possible to believe it, knowing about her harsh, uncompromising character? But here are her words: “How many people applaud me, but I am so lonely! Faina Ranevskaya: Beauty is a terrible force possible, Faina Georgievna did not marry because she considered herself terribly ugly, although she recognized her charm.

More than once she repeated with bitterness: “My appearance ruined my personal life! And whom I loved - they did not love me ”in any case, for questions about why she had never interested the status of a married lady, Ranevskaya often replied that she was not like falling in love, but even to see“ these reptiles and bastards ”is sick. The actress preferred not to spread about her romantic hobbies.

Once she admitted: “I did not like everyone who loved me. And whom I loved - they did not love me. " Margarita Terekhova, Faina Ranevskaya and Rostislav Plyatt, however, sometimes Faina Georgievna nevertheless told her “loves”, which was characteristic of her sarcasm, which immediately turned into jokes. An example is the well -known bike about how the hussar of the Mariupol regiment in the year in the lovers of Faina was in the year.And supposedly Ranevskaya herself about one episode of the fiery novel narrated as follows: “...

when I was already lying, he came up to me undressed, and I involuntarily burst out:“ Oh, how huge! So, when Faina Georgievna toured in Tbilisi in the year, she had close relations with Fedor Ivanovich Tolbukhin, who then headed the Transcaucasian Military District. She shone with happiness! But in the year, Tolbukhin unexpectedly died Faina Ranevskaya and Sister Bella during her arrival in the USSR and a faithful “boy” was known to Ranevskaya’s environment and her special sympathy for singer George Nizh, but the actress stubbornly refuted leisure rumors.

Faina Ranevskaya and Marina Neelova, in general, be that as it may, but only the boy of her lonely old age was the boy. The death of Faina Ranevskaya, who gave all his strength to her beloved business, went to the theater scene for up to a year. The brilliant actress played her last performance at 86 years old. Until the last days of her life, she remained kind, witty, wise-and still eccentric.

Faina Georgievna died on July 19, while in the capital's Kuntsevsky hospital: her heart after the infarction was not withstanding the struggle with heavy pneumonia. At the foot of the tombstone there are always flowers from admirers of her talent. The grave of Faina Ranevskaya and the farther from us the date of death of the Great Faina, the brighter the time of the scale of her personality, with the departure of which the whole theatrical era ended.

In the year, in the year in the small homeland, the actress erected a monument. Ranevskaya is depicted in the image from the film "Organization". The building nearby is the house in which Fanny Feldman was born. It is planned to open a museum-apartment, but the opening date is transferred over and over again. Among other commemorative places in Taganrog, the Freken Bock cafe works as you know, Ranevskaya voiced this cartoon.

The monument to Faina Ranevskaya in Taganrog also in Taganrog is named after Faina Ranevskaya, as well as graffiti with the actress’s aphorism: “I know the most important thing, I know that I must give and not enough.”