Brief biography of Efros

Anatoly Vasilievich Efros - the famous Soviet director of the cinema and theater, teacher. Childhood and youth of the mid -twentieth century was marked by the birth of a whole galaxy of brilliant filmmakers in the Soviet Union. Among them was Anatoly Efros, whom fans know thanks to a recognizable style, a kind of understanding of the theater and their own vision.

Numerous critics have repeatedly noted that the productions created by this man on theatrical stages are very original and filled with self -reflection. With the public, the Creator reluctantly shared his aspirations and did not want to follow the lead of fashion. But at the same time he knew how to create something unusual, new and completely not leaving indifferent.

Anatoly was born in the city of Kharkov on July 3. His parents by nationality indicated in the official biography were Jews. That is why the boy at birth received the name Nathan Isaevich. The mother of the future film director worked on translations of technical literature, while the father worked as an engineer at the aircraft factory. During the Second World War, the family moved after the Volga to evacuation.

In Perm, who was called Molotov at that time, the young man and his father worked in production. Anatoly Efros in his youth should be noted that in the city during the evacuation there were a huge number of creative groups from Moscow. There was also a troupe of the Mossovet Theater. Anatoly, who, from childhood, was fond of theatrical art and was interested in the first productions of the Moscow Art Theater troupe, also studied the books of Konstantin Stanislavsky.

The guy used the opportunity and began to study in the studio of Yuri Zavadsky in the year. By the way, this educational institution was open at the Mossovet Theater. After a while, the teachers noticed that the young and talented student needs something more than the usual work of the actor, and therefore a year later he was already studying at the directing faculty of GITIS, attending classes at the workshop of Maria Knebel, as well as Nikolai Petrov.

The theater after graduating from a higher theater educational institution Efros presented his debut production, which became the play "Prague remains mine." The show took place on the stage of the Moscow Palace of railway workers and impressed the audience. After a while, Anatoly Vasilievich staged a second play entitled "Come to the District." Her premiere took place on the stage of the Moscow Drama Theater.

After that, the famous director went to Ryazan, where he was offered the place of the director of the production of in the drama theater. Soon after Efros got a job, his former teacher Maria Knebel was appointed to the place of the leader. Thanks to this, a talented director received a carte blanche, turning an almost forgotten theater for children into a popular team that put plays for any age.

But first of all, the director placed in his work the emphasis on productions intended for adolescence. In his repertoire, he took the works of such playwrights as Alexander Khmelik and Viktor Rozov. Anatoly Efros in the work, in addition to already famous actors, the future stars of Soviet cinema took part. All of them appeared in the plays “In Search of Joy”, as well as “In a good hour!

Efros in his work followed the path proposed by Konstantin Sergeyevich Stanislavsky, fighting the Theater. Anatoly Vasilievich staged performances, each of which looked literally in one breath, surprising with its sincerity and novelty. In the year, the famous director moved and began to work at the Lenin Komsomol Theater. In the fifties, this refuge of actors was in creative desolation.

In addition to the plays of modern authors “Pages of Love”, “On the Day of Wedding”, “Film Film” and “My Poor Marat”, the director also put the works of Mikhail Bulgakov and Anton Chekhov. In the year on stage, the famous director showed the Chekhov "Seagull", but the leadership called the production of unsuccessful, and a year later it was completely banned. In the same year, Efros received a transfer to the theater on Malaya Bronnaya, where Andrei Goncharov occupied the place of the leader.

It is worth noting that the part of the troupe with which Anatoly Vasilievich worked in Lenkom remained in the same place, but ten people, among whom Olga Yakovleva and Leo Durov followed the director. On the new stage, the director again set Chekhov, but this time it was the play “Three Sisters”, unfortunately, also prone to strict criticism, and later a prohibition.

The next performance of Efros, which was the “Seducer Kalabashkin”, set under the play by Edward Radzinsky, was also prohibited. Alexander Dunaev, who took the place of the new artistic director, decided to help the director and allowed the master of his craft to show talent using a classic repertoire. By the way, in the latter, George Martynyuk and Olga Ostroumova shone.

During this period, many spoke about the theater of Efros as a theater school and a kind of phenomenon.In those years, Anatoly Vasilievich began to work as a teacher in GITIS, and also wrote the books “Rehearsal - My Love”, “Continuation of Theatrical Story” and “Profession: Director”. In some of them, he described the facts of his biography, and also shared the director’s experience and stage findings.

Today, the archives have a huge number of photos of that period. The new version, which was created according to the work “Three Sisters”, also did not find recognition. The premiere took place in the year. Two years later, the director quit the theater at the initiative of the theater directorate on Malaya Bronnaya. In the same period, in the theater on Taganka, there was a need to change Yuri Lyubimov, who was in disgrace for the authorities.

It was Efros who recommended the party’s party in the party, and he accepted this proposal without even seeing a catch in this. The leadership of the Lyubimovskaya troupe took the change of bayonets, as it was believed that Anatoly Vasilyevich was appointed those who had previously deprived their leader in the theater and citizenship of the Soviet Union.

At the same time, Yuri Petrovich, being abroad due to a conflict with the authorities, communicating with a foreign press, said that Efros is a traitor. The actors staged a new director to the new director. They cut his clothes, tore rehearsals and pierced the tires in the car. Veniamin Smekhov and Leonid Filatov, as well as other artists, completely left Taganka, replacing her to a “contemporary”.

This did not become the famous director and director. He still worked hard, creating bright performances, and trying to change the opinion of himself with the remaining actors. The first productions, among which “the war is not a female face”, “at the bottom” and “cherry garden” failed due to the indifference of the performers. Nevertheless, the director, despite the difficult situation, was not going to leave, since there was nowhere.

They may be familiar.