BUNIN BIOSHING PLAN

Ivan Bunin said about this time: “I saw four literary eras at once: on the one hand, Grigorovich, Pearls, L. Tolstoy; on the other, the editorial office of“ Russian wealth ”; from the third - Ertel, Chekhov; and from the fourth, those who, in the words of Merezhkovsky,“ have already stopped all the laws, violated all the features. ”Bunin chose the current, which was associated with the name of Chekhov, but in the name of Chekhov, and In a more general plan, with the classic traditions of Russian literature of the XIX century, where decadence, acmeism, symbolism, mysticism, lubki, up to a hooligan futurism, have flourished, he had a frank hostility and even disgust in the “memoirs” of Bunin, which he wrote at the end of his life.

Nikolaevna complained: "I dictated to me, such things about Mayakovsky, Yesenin, Gorky, that they will take revenge on him from the other world." This attitude is explainable not only by the noble origin, and the noble family respected Bunin and in others, which has a certain moral value, but also his persistent attachment to the best examples of classical Russian poetry and prose.

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was born on October 22, his childhood and youth passed in the impoverished estate of the Oryol province. The future writer did not receive a systematic education, what he regretted all his life. True, the elder brother Julius, who brilliantly graduated from the university, passed with Vanya the entire gymnasium course. They were engaged in languages, psychology, philosophy, social and natural sciences.

Julius had a great influence on the formation of the tastes and views of Bunin. Bunin began to write early. He wrote essays, sketches, poems. In May, since that time, his more or less constant literary activity began, in which there was a place for both poetry and prose. Outwardly, Bunin’s poems looked traditional both in form and in the subject: nature, the joy of life, love, loneliness, the sadness of loss and the new revival.

And yet, despite the imitation, there was some special intonation in the Bunin verses. This became more noticeable with the exit to the city of poems by Bunin wrote until the end of his life, loving poetry with all his soul, admiring its musical system and harmony. But already at the beginning of the creative path, a prose writer was more and more clearly manifested in it, and so strong and deep that Bunin’s first stories immediately earned the recognition of the writers of Chekhov, Gorky, Andreev, Kuprin at that time.

In the city of Bunin, he married the Greek woman Anna Tsacni, having experienced a strong love and the followed by a strong disappointment to Varvara Pashchenko. However, by his own admission of Ivan Alekseevich, he never loved Tsacni. In years, Bunin travels a lot, goes abroad. He visits Leo Tolstoy, meets Chekhov, actively cooperates with the Gorky publishing house "Knowledge", meets the niece of the chairman of the first Duma A.

Muromtsev Vera Muromtseva. And although in fact Vera Nikolaevna became "Mrs. Bunina" already in the city only by this time Bunin managed to get a divorce from Anna Tsacni. Vera Nikolaevna was betrayed by Ivan Alekseevich until the end of his life, becoming a faithful assistant in all matters. Possessing a great spiritual force, helping to endure all the hardships and hardships of emigration, Vera Nikolaevna also had a great gift of patience and forgiveness, which was important when communicating with such a difficult and unpredictable person as Bunin was.

After the noisy success of his stories in the press appears, which became immediately famous, the story "Village" is the first large thing of Bunin. This is a bitter and very bold work, in which the reader appeared in a semi -deceased Russian reality with all its contrasts, shattage, and the brokenness of fate. Bunin, perhaps, one of the few Russian writers of that time, was not afraid to tell the unpleasant truth about the Russian village and the clogging of the Russian man.

But hence the sympathy for them, pity, the desire to understand what is happening in the suffering Russian soul. In parallel with the village theme, the writer developed in his stories the lyrical, which was previously outlined in verses. Female characters appeared, although barely planned - a charming, air Olya Meshcherskaya story "Light breath", an ingenuous Klash Smirnov's story "Klash".

Later, female types with all the lyrical passion will take away in emigrant novels and Bunin’s stories - “Ida”, “Mitin Love”, “Coronnet's Case” and, of course, in his famous “Dark Alleys” cycle. Ivan Alekseevich returned to literary work slowly. Longing for Russia, uncertainty in the future oppressed him. Therefore, the first collection of stories "Scream", which went abroad, was only stories written in the happiest time for Bunin - in - GG.

Nevertheless, the writer gradually overcame the feeling of oppression. In the story "Rosa Jericho" there are such soulful words: "There is no separation and losses, until my soul is alive, my love, memory!In the live water of the heart, in the pure moisture of love, sadness and tenderness, I plunge the roots and stems of my past here, they were destined to live most of their life, to survive the Second World War.

Bunin was fascinated by a young woman, she, in turn, was delighted with him and even Bunin knew how to charm women! Their novel was widely publicized. The offended husband left, Vera Nikolaevna suffered from jealousy. And here the incredible happened - Ivan Alekseevich managed to convince Vera Nikolaevna that his relationship with Galina is purely platonic, and they have nothing but the relationship of the teacher and student.

Vera Nikolaevna, no matter how incredible, she believed. She believed because she could not imagine without Yana of her life. As a result, Galina was invited to settle with the Bunins and become a "family member". For almost fifteen years she shared Kuznetsova as a common shelter with Bunin, playing the role of her daughter’s adopted and experiencing all the joys, troubles and deprivation with them.

Ivan Alekseevich was shocked, he was oppressed not only by the betrayal of his beloved woman, but also to whom she changed! The weakness, lack oflism, this "friendship" between Galina and Margot for Bunin was like a bleeding wound until the end of his life. But contrary to all the hardships, endless deprivations, Bunin's prose gained a new height. The books "Rosa Jericho", "Mitina Love", collections of stories "Solar blow" and "God's Tree" were published in a foreign land.

And in the city for the first time during the existence of this award, a reward in literature was awarded to the Russian writer. Bunin's All -Russian fame has grown into universal glory. Every Russian in Paris, even one who did not read a single line of Bunin, took it as a personal holiday. Russian people experienced the sweetest of feelings - a noble sense of national pride.

Bunin ended the book "The Liberation of Tolstoy", which, according to experts, became one of the best books in all the literature about Leo Nikolaevich. In the "Dark Alleys" you can find everything - and exalted experiences, and conflicting feelings, and frantic passions. But the closest Bunin was pure, bright, like the harmony of the earth with the sky. In "Dark Alleys" she is usually short, and sometimes instant, but her light illuminates the whole life of the hero.

Some critics of that time accused the Bunin "dark alleys" in pornography, then in senile voluptuousness. This insulted Ivan Alekseevich: “I think the“ dark alleys ”that I wrote, and they, idiots, believe that I disgraced their gray hair, Pharisees, that this is a new word, a new approach to life,” he complained by I. until the end of his life he had to defend his favorite book from the “Pharisees”.

Stepun, to the author of one of the reviews on the Bunin works: “It is a pity that you wrote that in the“ Dark Alleys ”there is some excess of examination of female addictions, what an excess is there!

The writer devoted the last years of his life to work on the book about Chekhov. Unfortunately, this work remained incomplete. After some, very short time I will not - and the work and fate of everything, everything will be unknown to me! Ivan Alekseevich Bunin died quietly. The funeral service was solemn - in the Russian Church on the street, giving in Paris with a large gathering of the people.

All newspapers - both Russian and French - placed vast necrologues. And the funeral itself took place much later, on January 30, G., after seven and a half years, the faithful and selfless companion of his life, Vera Nikolaevna Bunin, found her peace.